Scientific application of organic and inorganic fertilizers helps sustainable agricultural development

The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences said that the results of their 30-year long-term positioning trial in Dezhou City, Shandong Province, showed that organic fertilizers replace 50% of chemical fertilizers, with the function of ensuring crop yield quality, fertilizing the ground, reducing environmental pollution and achieving sustainable agricultural development.

Fertilizer is the "food" of food, chemical fertilizer has made a great contribution to food security in China, but also produced a series of negative effects such as affecting the sustained increase in production, causing widespread concern in society. Under the dual pressure of increasing grain production and environmental protection, the efficient use of organic fertilizer resources to replace some chemical fertilizers and promote the reduction of chemical fertilizer application is an effective way to achieve production and ecological harmony and sustainable agricultural development.

Since 1986, the Dezhou Experimental Station of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has established a scientific fertilization system combining chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer as the core, with the goal of organic fertilizer cultivation and soil improvement, replacing part of chemical fertilizer, and achieving coordinated development of high yield, fertilizer cultivation and environmental protection, and set up long-term positioning and monitoring experiments of three major fertilization systems: chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer and organic-inorganic combination at Yucheng Experimental Base and Lingxian Experimental Base. For the past 30 years, we have continuously monitored the effects of different fertilization systems on crop yield and quality, soil fertility and environment.

According to Zhao Bingqiang, chief scientist of the Fertilizer and Fertilizer Technology Innovation Team of the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Agricultural Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the data from the long-term positioning monitoring trials of the base series of fertilizer application systems show that the yield and quality of winter wheat and summer corn in the treatment of organic fertilizer replacing 50% of chemical fertilizer are comparable to or higher than those in the treatment of chemical fertilizer, with high yield and high quality synchronized; soil fertility is significantly improved compared with the treatment of chemical fertilizer, with soil organic matter Soil organic matter content increased by 43% and total nitrogen content increased by 38%; ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emissions were reduced by 30% and nitrate accumulation in the soil was reduced by 43% compared with chemical fertilizers.

In addition, the localization experiment also found that under the conditions of equal nitrogen input of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, the environmental problems of organic fertilizer were significantly smaller than those of chemical fertilizer; doubling the application of organic fertilizer, the soil nitrate content exceeded that of constant chemical fertilizer, especially the environmental risk of excessive accumulation of soil phosphorus was higher with long-term heavy application of organic fertilizer; under the conditions of equal nutrient input, 100% replacement of chemical fertilizer by organic fertilizer (cow manure), the yield increase effect of organic fertilizer was initially After 12 to 15 years, the yield increase effect of organic fertilizer on winter wheat can reach the level of equivalent chemical fertilizer; after 3 to 5 years, the yield increase effect of organic fertilizer on summer corn can reach the level of equivalent chemical fertilizer.